Green Concept of Kulon Progo Airport Development using UMI Simulation

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Eco-airport concept is a concept that creating or strengthen the policy and critically oversight the airport operations and environment quality which intended to assess the status of environmental management of airports [1]. While, ecological engineering can be defined as the design of sustainable ecosystems that integrate the human society and the environment [2], [3]. There are four research areas related each other in ecological engineering, namely: a. industrial ecology, b. green engineering, c. ecological engineering, and d. earth systems engineering The environmental issues are very complex issue and consists of several object, such as the environment it self, protection, and preservation environmental. While, ecology including system dynamic ussually influenced by the global environment, population and biodiversity. The main purpose of eco-airport is to prevent and reduce noise pollution to the airport surrounding, utilize the extensive use of area around airports, develop regional relationships to other airports, and develop harmony on its territory. The implementation of eco-airport can be done by changing the mindset and behavior, applying knowledge, and improving the technology of civil aviation and airport managing management which based on the environment [4], [5]. Japan Narita airport is the first eco-airport that success to reduce the ratio of environmental pollution around airports that may affect the airport operations. It is followed by Changi airport in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia. The eco-airport component consists of noise, vibration, atmosphere, water, soil, waste materials, energy, and Safety Flight Zone Operations and Community Health while environmental management at airports would follow the rules made by environmental management on the country by adopting the world environmental rules prevail. Some laws that must be followed by the management of airports are the rules made by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) and the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and other rules that prevail in the world [6], [7] This study simulates the eco-airport concept in KulonProgo, Yogyakarta Indonesia using Rhinoceros. Rhino is a NURBS based 3D modeling program (NURBS) and UMI (Urban Modeling Interface) to understand energy use. The development of Kulon Temon areas is rather than along the coast Congot and Glagah area of 736 hectares. With the Spline or UMI curve in the simulation software will give you a line on the circle and the radius (multi radius) with the result of the type of smooth curves and smooth as it held the geometry of the aircraft body. Rhino NURBS method in the development of conventional spline method generally can describe the form of a mathematical model of a free and standard forms or primitive object [7]- [9]. This method is very important to create a model organized to surface quality because it depends on the smoothness of the surface.

RESEARCH METHOD
Simulation method used in this study is to determine the condition of the sustainability of the region. According to Groat and Wang, simulation method is very useful when the research is dealing with the scale and complexity [10], [11]. Simulation is used to simulate the real situation as an artificial state both the micro and macro. By using a simulation method, research can obtain a wide range of information that could be used to predict the conditions in the future [12], [13]. The differences between the experimental and simulation are on research capabilities. Simulation is usually not evident in recognizing the causal relationship in the real world and often involve variables and interactions that are difficult to identify precisely. The simulation method in this study is proceed by following three step namely:(1)calculating energy requirements and CO2 emissions in the airport, (2) measuring the sustainability of an area by integrating Rhinoceros and UMI, and (3), determining the energy use in the airport by applied UMI. The first step is collecting data to support the model building, such as field observation, interviewing and documenting through photographs. It is useful to govern the eco-airport concept theory and simulate it into software [14]- [17]. The research flow for the title "Green Concept of Kulon Progo Airport Development Using UMI Simulation" can be outlined as follows: 1) Introduction a. Provide an overview of the importance of green concepts and sustainability in airport development. b. Introduce Kulon Progo Airport as the specific focus of the study. c. State the research objectives and the significance of applying UMI (Urban Microclimate Simulation) in the context of green concept development.
2) Literature Review a) Review previous studies and research related to green concepts in airport development and the use of UMI simulation. b) Discuss the key concepts, theories, and methodologies used in the field. c) Identify gaps or limitations in the existing literature that the current study aims to address.
3) Methodology a) Describe the research methodology and approach used in the study. b) Explain the UMI simulation tool and its application in assessing the green concept of airport development. c) Provide details on data collection methods, such as site surveys, data measurements, and input parameters for the simulation.

4) Data Analysis and Results
a) Present the collected data and input parameters used in the UMI simulation. b) Perform the UMI simulation to evaluate the green concept of Kulon Progo Airport development. c) Analyze the simulation results and interpret the findings related to various aspects of sustainability, such as energy efficiency, carbon footprint, and environmental impact. 5) Discussion a) Discuss the implications of the simulation results in the context of green concept development for Kulon Progo Airport. b) Compare the findings with existing standards, guidelines, or best practices in sustainable airport design and operation. c) Address the strengths and limitations of the UMI simulation approach and suggest areas for future research or improvement.
6) Conclusion a) Summarize the key findings of the study regarding the green concept of Kulon Progo Airport development using UMI simulation. b) Emphasize the significance of the research in promoting sustainable airport development practices. c) Provide recommendations for policymakers, airport authorities, and relevant stakeholders to integrate green concepts into the airport development process.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The total area of Kulon Progo regency is 58,627.512 ha which covers 12 districts with 88 villages, and 917 sub-districts (table 1).The development Plan of airport facilities to meet the needs of flight operations and airport services will be undertaken primarily by the development of air freight traffic (table 2).

Site FAR
The FAR site is the ratio between the floor area of the building with an area of land. The FAR regulations will affect the skyline created by a collection of buildings around the airport. The purpose of the determination of the FAR is associated with the right of every person or building to receive sunlight. If the building has the same height with the building besides, it means that the building can receive sunlight like existing buildings next to it. KulonProgo Airport has FAR value of 0.16.

Total Electric Energy
The requirement for Total Electric Energy in Kulon Progo airports per-month for each building is different due to different site of area. The highest electric econcumption is about 5,441,139.33 Kwh happened on August at area development building as shown in Figure 3.

Heating Perimeter
The heating perimeter for each building is different, depending on the size of the building area and building materials. The highest heating perimeter is 21796.72 Kwh January that happened by Area Development Facility building. While at May and Sept the heating is not reguired as the country is in dry season as shown in figure 4.

Cooling Perimeter
The Cooling Perimeter for each building is different, and is influenced by the cooling requirements of the building. The highest cooling perimeter is 172,312.93 Kwh in July of the Area Development Facility building. While, the lowest is 258.26 Kwh in January by VVIP buildings, as shown in Figure 5.

Lighting Perimeter
The Lighting Perimeter is a lighting that needed by every building and influenced by the size area of the building. On the construction of several buildings in Kulon Progo airport, the Facilities Development Areas building need the largest lighting at 4483.34 Kwh and the lowest found in VVIP building of 1193.47 Kwh, as shown in Figure 6.

The CO2 Emission
The CO2 emission is influenced by the building materials and height of buildings at Kulon Progo airport, which is calculated based on the amount of CO2 in the building area per square meter. The highest Emissions is about 2679,77 kgCO2 /m 2 has been found ATC second Floor building as shown in Table 4.

Mobility
Mobility is a movement of the occupant of the building to other buildings in Kulon Progo airport where the movement is done by walking and cycling. The value of mobility every building is different and the highest mobility are done by passenger terminal building, Haji terminal building and catering building with mobility value of 49% (pedestrian).

CONCLUSION
The development of Kulon Progo airport has a FAR site of 0.16 with a land area of 637 hectares. Total electric energy required by Kulon Progo airport per-moth are different for each building because every building has different size of area. The total electric energy in the passenger terminal building at 1,351,861.01 Kwh, the amount of energy is needed due to the building has the biggest area and passenger arrival and departure activities centered in this building. The CO2 emissions is influenced by the building materials and height of the buildings at Kulon Progo airport, which is calculated based on the amount of CO2 in the building area per square meter. The existing building at Kulon Progo airport has different CO2 emissions values, the highest CO2 emissions produced by ATC second floor building with CO2 level is 2,679.77 kgCO2/ m 2