Rain conditions affect the transmission of Streaming video data on Aeromodelling

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Radio Control (RC) Aeromodelling is a form of aeromodelling activity which was originally raised as part of military activities but then attracted a lot of interest from the general public, giving rise to a new form of hobby. Aeromodelling itself consists of several types, including Free-Flying Aeromodelling, Control Line Aeromodelling, and RC Aeromodelling [1].
First-Person View (FPV) is a method used to control a radio-controlled vehicle from the pilot's point of view. FPV is an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). It is equipped with a small video camera and transmitter to wirelessly downlink the video signal in real-time to a monitor or virtual reality glasses. The speed in data traffic on the video is also important because the video is realtime and is still peer to peer [2].
The application of video through computer networks is a form of multimedia implementation and new applications that are currently being developed in the computer program. By utilizing this application, users can get easy access to multimedia videos anywhere and anytime by connecting to a computer network, both wired and wireless [3]. Thus, the application of video streaming becomes a new solution in delivery of networkbased like shipping and receiving data multimedia. One way to access fast video streaming is that there are 2 methods used, namely the HTTP Streaming and True Streaming methods [4].
Weather, time and distance between the transmitter and the receiver affect data transfer and affect quality of data transmission process [4]. For users themselves, most frequent obstacles are long load times, supporting plugins used, and slow data access. Many users complain because they feel uncomfortable with long time when it takes to access video streaming [5].
Rain attenuation is considered as dominant disturbance. Rain attenuation of satellite signals becomes especially severe at frequencies higher than 10 GHz. It is therefore absolutely necessary to correctly identify and predict overall impact of each significant rain-reducing factor on the Quality of Service (QoS), the characteristics of location, and transmission or propagation along a particular path between satellite and terminal. In the research conducted by Kamal Harb, it showed that is on weather prediction methods to maintain QoS on wireless and satellite networks [5].
In this research, the weather has a great impact on wireless networks, because this FPV aeromodelling system uses wireless technology, so evaluation and testing of the FPV system will be carried out with live streaming media using FPV aeromodelling. By the evaluation, it will provide data from several experiments to determine performance which is the best of FPV live streaming of weather situations. Then from the results of this study, an overview will be obtained to propose mechanism of the streaming process in aeromodelling which is expected to be developed from different technologies. This study focuses on QoS live streaming to determine the quality and speed of FPV aeromodelling streaming in different weather.  [6]. Wireless network is a group of computers that are connected to each other so that a computer network is formed using air/wave media as the data traffic path [6].

C. Digital Transmission
High data rates in the transmission process mean that large amounts of data can be sent in one unit of time. Therefore, the higher the data rate, the greater the amount of data that can be sent in one unit of time. While the speed of signal transmission is expected to be low because it is related to the bandwidth of the signal. The lower the baud rate, the smaller the amount of bandwidth needed to transmit signals [7]. D. FPV (First-person view) FPV (First-person view) is a method used to control radio-controlled vehicles from the pilot's point of view. FPV is an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) equipped with a small video camera and transmitter to wirelessly downlink video signals in real-time to a monitor or virtual reality goggles. The speed in data traffic on the video is also important because the video is realtime and is still peer to peer [2]. E. Streaming Video The high bandwidth of wireless technology supports streaming media not only in wireless environments, but also in user mobility. On the other hand, QoS support on the Internet promises a more predictable channel for streaming media applications that can make low-bandwidth and low-latency streaming reach IP. Video streaming will continue to be an attractive area for exploration, development, and deployment in the future [8].

F. Quality of Service
Quality of Service (QoS) is the ability of a network to provide good service by providing bandwidth, overcoming jitter and delay. QoS parameters are latency, jitter, packet loss, throughput, MOS [8]. QoS is largely determined by the quality of the network used. There are several factors that can reduce the QoS value, such as: Attenuation, Distortion, and Noise [6]. G. Real time Streaming media is a technology that enables the distribution of audio, video and multimedia data in real time via the internet. One of the categories of streaming media is video streaming. Video streaming is the delivery of digital media in the form of video, voice and data so that they can be received continuously. Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) is a protocol that exists at the application level which functions to control sending data in real time [9]. H. Wireshark Wireshark is a tool intended for analyzing network data packets. Wireshark is also called a network packet analyzer whose function is to capture network packets and try to display all the packet information in as much detail as possible [10]. I. ITU Recommendation Standard G.114 ITU-T is part of ITU, which is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Its standards have more formal international weight than most of the standards development organizations that issue technical specifications. In table 1, table 2 and table 3, we can see the ITU G.114 recommendation table used to standardize streaming video access [11]. a. Standard Delay Table  Table 1

RESEARCH METHOD (10 PT)
This research was conducted in five steps as shown in Figure 1, namely literature study, system planning, system implementation, system analysis, and conclusion.  In this scenario, FPV quality testing was carried out by streaming aeromodelling videos using an HD camera. This test was carried out at the specified distance, time and weather, namely clear nights with a temperature of 23 °C with 100% humidity, with rainy weather at night with a temperature of 22 °C with 100% humidity, because the humidity of water particles had a distorting effect which was resulting in excessive digital transmission errors. Signal loss and attenuation were often referred to as a rain fade. Rain Fade affected the quality of service on wireless and satellite networks [4]. The server sent the video stream to the client. Then QoS data was taken as delay, jitter, and throughput 30 times with 5 meters of distance and 30 seconds of retrieval time of distance. It was in the position of Wireshark client application to record ongoing video streaming activity.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Experimental data was taken using 30 data, data test was taken for each activity with different conditions, namely on clear nights and rainy nights, so that the data was obtained as shown in table 4  Table 4  In this FPV (First-person view) test, several different weather scenarios were carried out. From this scenario, the performance was analyzed using Wireshark software. This software captured all data that passes through and then analyzed it by calculating delay, military, packet loss and throughput.

CONCLUSION
The influence of weather conditions when it is sunny and when it rains on sending data on the PFV system is indeed very influential. In streaming FPV testing during daytime conditions with 100% humidity and a temperature of 23 °C, 0.03% is better than rainy day conditions with humidity 100% and a temperature of 22 °C which can be seen from the delay value that occurs. But the delay value can still be tolerated for the ITU-T G.114 standard because the delay occurs <150 m/s. FPV quality testing carried out during rainy weather at night for an average throughput value of 0.8239 packets was higher than during rainy weather during clear night, which is the difference in throughput values of 1,06347 packets which occurred at 0.2396 packets. Thus, it can be concluded that the greater the throughput value, the lower the delay value.